Motivation of Workers in the Construction Industry

INSTITUTION: KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI DEPARTMENT: BUILDINGTECHNOLOGY NAME: PHILIP QUAQUE AHIABOR PROGRAMME: QSCE 4 RESEARCH TOPIC: MOTIVATION OF WORKERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN GHANA (CASE STUDY: SELECTED CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN GREATER ACCRA REGION) CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Motivation is the set of reasons that encourages one to engage in a particular behaviour. The term is generally used for human motivation but, it can be used to describe the causes for animal behaviour as well. According to various theories, motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desire object, hobby, goal, state of†¦show more content†¦Whether it to excel on the workshop floor or in the ‘ivory tower ‘ they must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus (Military Leadership, 1993). According to Shun (2004), management is often frustrated by lack of motivation generated by the end of the year bonuses. Foremen, who form part of worker strength, are often unable to motivate the average craftsman today (Business Roundtable, 1989). There is therefore the need for craftsmen and other subordinates to be motivated by providing them with the right conditions and opportunity. A correlation exists between worker motivation and performance; therefore there is the need for workers to always feel motivated in order to increase performance. It is believed that if organizations stop paying lip services to the issue of motivation, workers will work diligently in attaining set targets and objectives and cases such as lateness, absenteeism, laziness, negligence and pilfering on the part of workers will be eradicated (Huitt, 2004). 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this research is to look into the problem relating to motivation in the construction companies in Ghana. The objectives of the above study include: * To investigate into how workers are motivated. * To identify the impact of motivation in the construction industry. * To identify the impact motivation has on individual workers. * To suggest possible solutions toShow MoreRelatedHow Happiness Can Improve Productivity788 Words   |  3 Pagesrather expect that happiness will reduce the motivation to seek improvement and make them passive and dull. Comparing with other organization, construction industry has the highest need of human resources for all hierarchical levels. It is one of the largest global employment sectors, providing work for a significant proportion of the labour market and accounting for a significant share of the world domestic product (GDP) (Martin et al., 2003). Construction projects has many challenges such as theRead MoreEssay on Insight on the Motivation of Workers596 Words   |  3 PagesMotivation has always been a subject of much research over the last fifty years however there have been many definitions and theories describing and analysing motivation but the research is never complete. Right from Robert Owen who described human beings to be like machines that need care and maintenance to work efficiently till Drucker (1999) who described them as the knowledge workers of the 21st century with different needs and therefore on what it is required I would like to elaborate on theRead MoreThe Maslow s H ierarchy Of Needs Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagescompany demands strong motivation, stupendous leadership and great understanding between workers. Leaders need to create willingness amongst the employees to operate at their highest potential; this willingness is referred to as motivation. 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In many countries, labour cost comprises 30 to 50% of the overall project’s cost (Yates and Guhathakurta, 1993), and thus is regarded as a true reflection of the economic success. Because construction is labour-intensive industry, significance of this effect not only justifies the concern over its labour productivity, but it can also be argued that labour power is the only productive resource. There are

Racism is defined by merriam-webster.com as ‘1. A belief...

Racism is defined by merriam-webster.com as ‘1. A belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. 2. Racial prejudice or discrimination.’ Racism exists among all races and ethnicities, but most prominently between whites and blacks. The most basic cause of racism begins with the idea that there is something different between different ethnicities. Though that thought is illogical, it is one that seems inevitable. The amount of hatred one can hold against another because of the difference in their skin pigmentation is uncanny. There are an uncountable amount of sources on racism to be found just by merely looking on the internet. In†¦show more content†¦There were numerous racist comments made when President Obama decided to run, even attempts to try and falsely accuse him of not being of American dissent. Blacks were once slaves and treated no better tha n dos, and the thought of having a black man as the leader of the free world was one that metaphorically knocked some whites out of their seats. Unfortunately racism does not only exist amongst whites and blacks but amongst the black community itself. Because the main reason for racism and segregation is to separate oneself from â€Å"lower† class or those who are â€Å"less† the black community has done the same within itself. â€Å"She had explained to him the difference between colored people and niggers. They were easily identifiable. Colored people were neat and quiet; niggers were dirty and loud.† (Morrison 87). Black people separated themselves from each other. After being told they weren’t as good as white people they took their anger out on other black people, rather than banding together and uniting to support each other. Those people find that to make themselves better, superior to others they must make those others feel inferior, and to do this they separate themselves. â€Å"Black e mo. Black e mo. Yedaddsleepsnekked. Black e mo black e mo ya dadd sleeps nekked black e mo †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Morrison 65). Name calling and inhuman treatment towards blacks are the most obvious signs of racism. â€Å"The nearlyShow MoreRelatedMass Media in Malaysia5539 Words   |  23 PagesIntroduction Mass media is defined as print and electronic means of communication that transmit information to widespread audiences (Schaefer, 2012). Examples of print mass media included newspapers, magazines, booklets and brochures, house magazines, periodicals or newsletters, direct mailers, handbills or flyers, billboards, press releases, and books. While examples of electronic mass media are television, radio, computers, and smartphones. The past of mass media is extensive and complex. It stretches

Union Movement in Late 19th Century Free Essays

During 1870 through 1900 workers joined together; responding to the power of their employers caused by the growth of industrialization. The worker did not always have the luxury of leaving after eight hours of work, the right to representation, or the even the right to work in a safe environment. The working people of nineteenth century America had to unite in struggle to achieve the gains that are often taken selfishly and taken for granted today. We will write a custom essay sample on Union Movement in Late 19th Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were many successes and failures in organized labor; the successes were often obtained through the loss of the worker, often through lost wages, jobs, or even death. The organization structure of the union during 1870 through 1900 went through different cycles and strategies to achieve what they wanted. One of the first effective regional organized unions was the Knights of Labor formed in 1869. The knights took in not only skilled workers but also any worker that could be truly classified as a producer. The knights took their peek in 1885 when strikes against Union Pacific, Southwest System, and Wabash railroads attracted public sympathy and succeeded in preventing a reduction in wages, at this time they boasted a membership of 700,000. 1886 was a troubled year for labor relations. There were nearly 1,600 strikes involving 600,000 workers, with the eight-hour day being the important item for all of the strikes. Failure of some of the strikes and internal conflicts between the skilled workers and the unskilled led to a decline in the Knights popularity and influence. Another organization called the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions created a constitution that other unions could adhere to. This constitution met in Pittsburgh on Nov. 15 1881 and was created by representatives of the cigar makers, the printers, the merchant seamen, steel workers, carpenters and local units of the Knights of Labor. One of the most important items in the constitution created by the FOTLU recommended that the legal eight-hour work day be an objective for every union to achieve. The FOTLU thus accelerated a strong national push for a shorter work week. The AFL grew from 140,000 in 1886 to nearly on million by 1900. With these strengths in numbers they often preferred striking over political action. The struggle for workers rights, wage increases and protests against wage cuts were often unsuccessful resulting in violence and death. Chicago workers were agitating for the eight-hour work day for months. On May 1st and 2nd 1886 were eighty thousand workers went on strike, bringing most of Chicago†s manufacturing to a standstill. On May 3rd a fight between hundreds of strikers and non-union replacements broke out. Chicago police quickly moved in to restore order, leaving four unionists dead and many wounded. Angered by the deadly force of the police a group of anarchists called on workers to arm themselves and participate in the massive protest demonstration in Haymarket Square on May 4. Only 3,000 members assembled and started out peacefully until late evening when someone still not known to this day threw a bomb that killed seven policemen and injured 67 others. Even though no evidence was ever found about who threw the bomb four anarchists were found guilty and sentenced to death. Ever since the Haymarket square symbolized for radicals and trade unionists everywhere the injustice of a capitalistic society but also associated negatively unions as un-American, criminalistic, and violent. Many other activists died or received injuries for their cause all around the country. In July of 1877 strike riots halted the movement of U. S. railroads. After a few weeks of shutting down most of countries railroad system federal troops were sent in to try to end the nationwide strike. This resulted in more violence and death; in Chicago for example federal troops killed 30 workers and wounded over 100. On June 14, 1877 in Pennsylvania ten coal-mining activists were hanged. October 1887 the Louisiana militia shot 35 unarmed black sugar workers striking to gain a dollar-per-day wage and lynched two strike leaders. 1894 federal troops killed 34 American Railway Union members in Chicago attempting to break a strike. July 1892 three hundred Pinkerton guards helped introduce scabs into the workplace by opening fire on striking Carnegie mill steel workers, this resulted in the death of seven guards and eleven strikers. The idea of demonstrations was often to get the attention of management to show that they mean business and can†t be pushed around so easily. New York garment workers won the right to unionize after a seven-month strike. They secured agreements for a closed shop, and firing of all scabs. Striking miners in Idaho dynamited the Frisco Mill. Leaving it to ruins, getting the attention they wanted. The popularity and growth of unions everywhere showed companies that they are not going to walk over their workers as easily as they did in the past. Although union demonstrations resulted in workers being injured, dead or fired they set the way for unions in the future to be successful in their endeavors. These demonstrations were successful in the fact that they showed management and companies that the American worker can unite and be heard as one voice rather than a mass of passive workers that would take any injustice given to them. It is to these unions that we owe many of the benefits and rights we see and use today, such as fighting injustices such as biases and discrimination, winning the right to representation and collective bargaining, and the right for education for every child. How to cite Union Movement in Late 19th Century, Essay examples

Keystone XL Pipeline Essay Sample free essay sample

The Keystone XL Pipeline system is used for transporting oil from the Athabasca oil littorals in Alberta Canada to the United States. There are four different stages of this grapevine. Phases one and two are already complete. The first stage of the grapevine starts at the Keystone Hardisty Terminal in Canada and Michigans at Wood River and Patoka. Illinois. and so phase two starts in Steele City. Nebraska and stretches down to Cushing. Oklahoma. The completed grapevine is over 2000 stat mis long. Then you have phase three that would transport the oil to Nederland. Texas and Houston. Texas. Phase four is would get down in Alberta. Canada and run through Montana and South Dakota and articulation with the bing grapevine in Steele City. Nebraska ( Keystone XL Pipeline Project ) . The oil will be transported to oil refineries located in Illinois. Oklahoma and The Gulf Coast of Texas. There are two current grapevines coming from Alberta. We will write a custom essay sample on Keystone XL Pipeline Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Canada to the United States. Keystone stage one was wholly built in 2010 and set in approximately 1900 mile grapevine from Hardisty. Alberta. Canada to America’s Midwest and is linking about 35 100 barrels of oil per twenty-four hours to Illinois. Keystone phase two was built in 2011 added 300 stat mis to Oklahoma increasing to 590. 000 barrels of oil per twenty-four hours. TransCanada is already looking into the hereafter with Keystone stage three trusting to be built off the Gulf Coast increasing to 1. 1 million barrels of oil per twenty-four hours. Like all other grapevines. the undertaking must procure licenses. land rights and other commercial contracts in the United States and Canada to continue. The oil brought into the United States from the Athabasca oil littorals is bitumen and demands to be exhaustively cleaned. which means firing it at a high temperature. and this will take to air pollution and higher nursery emanations. Environmental organisations have been buttonholing against the grapevine due to the possible negative impact it can hold on air. H2O and wildlife. President Obama postponed any determination until 2013 ( Confronting Keystone Again ) . The 4th stage of the grapevine has many different proposed waies as one way has the grapevine traveling through the Ogallala aquifer ( Environmental Impact Of The Keystone XL Project ) . An oil spill in that country could pollute the full H2O reservoir. It is said that Canadian and American people can non hold on the same thing. but the Keystone XL Pipeline Project has made that statement incorrect. As of today some Americans and Canadians have to the full committed to the building of the Pipeline from Hardisty. Alberta to Steele City. Nebraska. Although both sides of the lodger agree to the fullest on the grapevine ; the president of the United States of America does non hold. TransCanada who is the lead manufacturer of the grapevine has applied for a Presidential Permit. which is required as the grapevine will traverse the Canada/U. S. boundary line. in the yesteryear which in 2010 was passed as the same in 2011. but now in 2012 it has been declined. TransCanada has re-applied on M ay 4th 2012 and is expecting blessing within the first one-fourth of 2013 ( Keystone XL Pipeline Project ) . Those who are in support of this grapevine have many grounds they have come up with to demo why everyone else should besides back up this grapevine. Today. about half of the oil used in The United States is imported for foreign states and will increase as we use up domestic resources. Reducing our dependence foreign oil would assist excite the economic system. cut down of all time increasing oil monetary values and our duty in the Middle East would be lessened. Although lessen America’s dependance on foreign oil is impossible unless everyone uses less and seeks other signifiers of renewable resources. The undertaking will make 20. 000 high pay occupations and 118. 000 spin off occupations from the building. I do hold that we need more occupations and building is one manner to make more occupations. but there are other things that could be built that will non merely make building occupations. but besides occupations inside the construction once it is built. Independent surveies find during the life span of the grapevine it will lend $ 5. 2 billion in belongings revenue enhancements to communities along the path. Grapevines are the safest methods for the transit of crude oil merchandises compared to other methods. Harmonizing to The International Tanker Owners Pollution the figure of spills during the 2000‘s have decreased dramatically to 3. 7 % . TransCanada would be responsible to protect human wellness and the environment ( Keystone XL Pipeline Project ) . Oil spills are more common than TransCanada wants to demo. That oil spill has cost BP tonss and tonss of money and so the consequence to the ecosystem is atrocious ( Environmental Impact Of The Keystone XL Project ) . In Michigan in 2010 about one million gallons of oil was spilled into the Kalamazoo River by Enbridge. and will be around 800 million dollars to clean up. The company besides knew prior to the Kalamazoo River catastrophe that the subdivision of grapevine was dama ged. Enbridge was besides connected to an oil spill in Wisconsin of 1000 barrels ( Hall. Jim ) . The grapevines will hold to inspected and maintained to guarantee there is no oil spill in the Midwest. I can merely conceive of the sum of harm done if an oil spill hit in Nebraska or Kansas merely earlier harvest clip. TransCanada has already run this grapevine through the Dakotas. Nebraska. Missouri. Illinois. and Oklahoma. TransCanada proctors and controls our grapevine systems from a computerized control centre that is staffed 24 hours a twenty-four hours. If an oil spill were to happen. TransCanada is able to close down the grapevine and insulate the affected pipe subdivision from service within proceedingss ( Keystone XL Pipeline Project ) . Oil spills make one of the biggest musss and can kill an full ecosystem ( EPA Objects To Keystone Pipeline Expansion ) . We saw what happened in the H2O with the oil spill in the gulf seashore. and now we are speaking about it on land. What will go on if the oil lines interruption and destroy harvests and citizens dreams? It is clip to hal t the Keystone Pipeline XL Project before oil covers the heartland.

Hamlet Method In The Madness Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlet: Method in the Madness Method in the Madness: Hamlet's Sanity Supported Through His Relation to Ophelia and Edgar's Relation to Lear In both Hamlet and King Lear, Shakespeare incorporates a theme of madness with two characters: one truly mad, and one only acting mad to serve a motive. The madness of Hamlet is frequently disputed. This paper argues that the contrapuntal character in each play, namely Ophelia in Hamlet and Edgar in King Lear, acts as a balancing argument to the other character's madness or sanity. King Lear's more decisive distinction between Lear's frailty of mind and Edgar's contrived madness works to better define the relationship between Ophelia's breakdown and Hamlet's "north-north-west" brand of insanity. Both plays offer a character on each side of sanity, but in Hamlet the distinction is not as clear as it is in King Lear. Using the more explicit relationship in King Lear, one finds a better understanding of the relationship in Hamlet. While Shakespeare does not directly pit Ophelia's insanity (or breakdown) against Hamlet's madness, there is instead a clear definitiveness in Ophelia's condition and a clear uncertainty in Hamlet's madness. Obviously, Hamlet's character offers more evidence, while Ophelia's breakdown is quick, but more conclusive in its precision. Shakespeare offers clear evidence pointing to Hamlet's sanity beginning with the first scene of the play. Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his father's ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Horatio says, being the only of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, "Before my God, I might not this believe / Without the sensible and true avouch / Of mine own eyes. (I.i.56-8)" Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play. That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men are witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning: What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? Think of it. (I.iv.69-74) Horatio's comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan. The important fact is that the ghost does not change form, but rather remains as the King and speaks to Hamlet rationally. There is also good reason for the ghost not to want the guards to know what he tells Hamlet, as the play could not proceed as it does if the guards were to hear what Hamlet did. It is the ghost of Hamlet's father who tells him, "but howsomever thou pursues this act, / Taint not thy mind. (I.v.84-5)" Later, when Hamlet sees the ghost again in his mothers room, her amazement at his madness is quite convincing. Yet one must take into consideration the careful planning of the ghost's credibility earlier in the play. After his first meeting with the ghost, Hamlet greets his friends cheerfully and acts as if the news is good rather than the devastation it really is. Horatio: What news, my lord? Hamlet: O, wonderful! Horatio: Good my lord, tell it. Hamlet: No, you will reveal it. (I.v.118-21) This is the first glimpse of Hamlet's ability and inclination to manipulate his behavior to achieve effect. Clearly Hamlet is not feeling cheerful at this moment, but if he lets the guards know the severity of the news, they might suspect its nature. Another instance of Hamlet's behavior manipulation is his meeting with Ophelia while his uncle and Polonius are hiding behind a curtain. Hamlet's affection for Ophelia has already been established in I.iii., and his complete rejection of her and what has transpired between them is clearly a hoax. Hamlet somehow suspects the eavesdroppers, just as he guesses that Guildenstern and Rosencrantz are sent by the King and Queen to

Stop Procrastinating and Complete Your Dissertation

Stop Procrastinating and Complete Your Dissertation Are you an ABD (All-But-Dissertation) student? Doctoral dissertation looming over your head like an ominous black cloud? The dissertation is the most difficult and time-consuming academic requirement a doctoral student faces. Its way too easy to procrastinate and put off writing your dissertation under the guise, I need to read more before I can write. Dont fall into that trap! Dont let your dissertation drag you down. Stop your procrastination. Why do we procrastinate? Research suggests that students often procrastinate when they perceive the dissertation as an overwhelming task. Big surprise, huh? Motivation is the biggest problem that grad students face in writing the dissertation. A Lonely Time The dissertation is a time consuming and lonely process that usually takes about two years (and often longer). The dissertation often is a major blow to a graduate students self-esteem. It is not uncommon to feel as if its an insurmountable task that will never be completed. Organization and Time Management are Key The keys to completing the dissertation promptly are organization and time management. The lack of structure is the difficult part of the dissertation because the students role is to plan, carry out, and write up a research project (sometimes several). A structure must be applied in order to complete this task. One way of providing structure is to view the dissertation as a series of steps, rather than as one mammoth task. Motivation may be maintained and even enhanced as each small step is completed. Organization provides a sense of control, holds procrastination at minimal levels, and is key to completing the dissertation. How do you get organized? Outline the small steps needed to complete this large project.All too often, students may feel that their only goal is to finish the thesis. A goal this large may feel indomitable; break it down into the component tasks. For example, at the proposal stage, the tasks may be organized as follows: thesis statement, literature review, method, plan for analyses.   Each of these tasks entails many smaller tasks. The list for the literature review may consist of an outline of the topics you wish to discuss, with each outlined as detailed as possible. You may even wish to list relevant articles in the appropriate places within the outline. The method will consist of the participants, including items on locating them, rewards, drafting informed consent forms, locating measures, describing psychometric properties of the measures, piloting measures, drafting the procedure, etc. The hardest parts of writing your dissertation is starting and staying on track. So how do you write your dissertation? Read on for tips on how to write your dissertation and successfully complete your graduate program. Start Anywhere In terms of completing your list of dissertation tasks, it is not necessary to start at the beginning. In fact, believing that one starts the dissertation proposal by writing his or her introduction and thesis and ends with the plan for analyses will detain progress. Begin where you feel comfortable and fill in the gaps. You will find that you gain momentum with the completion of each small task. Feeling overwhelmed by any particular task is a sign that you have not broken it down into small enough pieces. Make Consistent Progress Writing Every Day, Even if Only for a Short Period. Set aside periods of time to write on a regular basis. Establish a firm schedule. Train yourself to write in short blocks, for at least an hour a day. All too often we insist that we need large blocks of time to write. Blocks of time certainly help the writing process, but the ABD often lacks such resources.   For example, when we were writing the dissertation, we taught 5 classes as an adjunct at 4 different schools; blocks of time were difficult to find, other than over the weekend. Aside from pragmatics, writing at least a little every day keeps the thesis topic fresh in your mind, leaving you open to new ideas and interpretations. You may even find yourself thinking about it and making conceptual progress as you complete mundane tasks such as driving to and from school and work. Use Incentives to Assist You in Overcoming Procrastination. Writing requires consistent, well-organized effort and a system of self-imposed incentives to overcome procrastination. What kind of incentives work? Although it depends on the individual, a safe bet is taking time off from work. We found vegetation time such as time spent playing computer games to be helpful as an incentive to reinforce progress. Methodically Break Through Writers Block. When it is difficult to write, talk through your ideas to anyone who will listen, or just talk out loud to yourself. Write out your thoughts without criticizing them. Take time to warm up, by writing to clear your thoughts. Get the ideas out without scrutinizing each sentence; it is often easier to edit than it is to write. Work through your ideas by writing, THEN edit extensively. You will write many drafts of each section of the dissertation; a first (second, or even third) draft need not approach perfection. In addition, it is acceptable to use dashes to mark when you cannot find the appropriate word to express your idea, but want to go on; just remember to fill in the dashes later. The important thing is that you develop a pattern of producing some output regularly that output can be edited or even thrown out, but it is important to produce something. Recognize and Accept the Fact That Writing Is a Time-consuming Process. Dont Rush Yourself. No draft will be perfect that first time around. Expect to go through several drafts of each section of your dissertation. Once you feel comfortable with a particular section, take time away from it. Ask others to read your writing and consider their comments and criticisms with an open mind. After a few days or a week, reread the section and edit again; you may be quite surprised by the impact of a fresh perspective. Writing the dissertation is much like running a marathon. The seemingly insurmountable may be attained through a series of small goals and deadlines. Accomplishing each small goal may provide additional momentum. Make consistent progress each day, use incentives to assist you in attaining your goals, and acknowledge that the dissertation will require time, hard work, and patience. Finally, consider the words of Dag Hammarskjold: Never measure the height of a mountain, until you have reached the top. Then you will see how low it was.

Constitutional Law and The Criminal Justice System Coursework

Constitutional Law and The Criminal Justice System - Coursework Example This is more in presenting or challenging the evidences within a meaningful manner. Furthermore, the lawyer helps in maintaining the proper conduct of the defense, in addition to guiding their clients all through the trial in such a manner that the defense is displayed with its complete force plus effect (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 372). Both sides need to know how to establish their position that is why the presence of the lawyer is significant. Furthermore, given that the responsibility of the lawyer is to take steps for the benefit of another person is a fiduciary relationship, then the presence of the lawyer makes the trial to be fair as it generates particular legal obligations as well as responsibilities (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 374). Why People Prefer Pro Se Representation People would want to represent themselves in court pro se, mainly for the reason that they have a distrust for lawyers in general. Others believe that they can personally deal with their defense effecti vely, and others will seek to represent themselves owing to their lack of qualification for legal aid and hiring a private lawyer turns out to be expensive (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 387). ... with complexities, there should be a right to self-representation but this should only be based on the intricacy of the case as well as the formality of the debate (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 390). Notably, when individuals represent themselves they are accorded the possibility to truly articulate what they feel instead of having their insight filtered through the lawyer. However, when it comes to criminal trials, self representation should not be in place due to the complex nature of the trial process. In complicated trials it is difficult even for the most intelligent and educated citizen to learn the complex aspects of the law, and as a result precise court procedure can be complicated and stressful. Thus, the objective for a lawyer in complicated cases rather than self representation is to safeguard the integrity of the procedure and to guarantee a fair trial (Harr & Hess, 2007 388). Trial by Media Limitation Even though, a public trial advances the fundamental fairness of the t rial as well as the position of fairness when it comes to enhancing public confidence, there has to be a balance between the sixth amendment right of the defendant on one hand and the general public first amendment rights on the other hand (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 366). Hence, the media is not allowed to attend every trial unless there is a compelling reason in doing otherwise, in particular the safety. The other boundary is when the coverage by the media can cause a worry that the accused will be in danger due to disruption within the court, or the trial becomes somewhat of a three ring spectacle which in the end wipes out the dignified atmosphere as required in court proceedings (Harr, Hess, & Orthman, 2012 366). Barring the Media from Attending Trials This issue of the defendants

The Super Continent Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Super Continent Cycle - Essay Example This has been made possible by plate tectonics, the system driving Earth's continents slowly around the globe. Plate tectonics is the study of the movement of the huge plates of the landmass beneath the earth surface which results into drifting of the continents. This hypothesis of drifting continents was proposed by German scientist Alfred Wegener for the first time in 1912. He used many types of evidence available in abundance on the earth's surface. Some of the evidences pointing out such supercontinent cycle are; Fossil Remains: Similar types of plant and animal fossils were found in different areas of continents which were studied to be connected. For example, the fossil remains of a small reptile found both in Africa and Latin America. Rock Formations: In the coastal regions, the rocks were found to be matching even in areas which were widely separated. To prove this point Wegener came out with the proof suggesting the reconstruction of an ice cap radiating from South Africa, whose marks were traced across the southern continents. Climatic Conditions: Some climatic patterns were observed which were not in conformity with the normal climate of the region/s, thus suggesting that these climatic conditions could have been affected by the climatic conditions at some other places or regions. Wegener's hypothesis therefore led us to believe that while on the one hand the some of the western African regions have similarities with the eastern part of South America; the northern part of African continent had similarities with the southern regions of North America. Similarities were also found in the southern part of Asian region and the western part of African continent, thus giving the thought an impetus. Initially though Wegener's hypothesis was not taken seriously, but gradually, as the theory of plate tectonics developed in 1960's, more and more studies took place, the notions of supercontinent gained wider acceptance. The plate tectonics theory believes that the surface of earth is divided into a number of shifting plates with an average thickness of around 50-80 km. African, American, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indian and Pacific regions have all been assigned huge plates while smaller landmasses with smaller plates are identified as Arabian, Caribbean, Cocos, Nasca, Philipp ine and Scotia regions. In fact scientists have identified about 15 major tectonic plates. Earthquakes help in identifying the plates. The supercontinent theory suggests that during the Paleozoic Era, there was a huge continent named Pangeae, which included all the continents. The name Pangaea is derived from the Greek word "pan" meaning "all" and Gaea or Gaia i.e. the Greek name of the divine personification of the Earth. Pangaea, therefore, means "all land." During the Triassic Period, the Pangeae started fragmenting thus resulting in the existing number of continents. This process is said to be continuing even now. The supercontinent theory suggests such occurrences have also happened in the past, thus the name 'supercontinent cycle'. Canadian geologist John Tuzo Wilson also provided an insight into the hypothetical supercontinent cycle, who described the fragmentation of continents, opening and closing of the ocean basin and subsequent reassembly of the continents. This theory suggests t

ITM 301 Mod 2 CBT - Principles of Information Systems in Business and Essay

ITM 301 Mod 2 CBT - Principles of Information Systems in Business and Organizations - Essay Example the help desk solve the problems of the customers to the maximum, the following are some of the essentials in setting up of a customer service department: 1. Define the objective. According to Ruby Bayan2, the organization has to first decide what is objective of creating a helpdesk. Are you planning to give expert advice or are you planning to handle the maximum number of customers or is your objective to have a personal touch. When the objective is clear then, it is easy to set our priorities in organizing the other resources. 2. Understand the customer: When it comes to understanding the customer, an in-depth analysis is required about the profile of the customer. The customers’ type of business, volume of business, the type of technology adopted, the kind of problems faced by the customers frequently and what is the procedure adopted to solve customer problems. When an understanding of the customers’’ technologies and help desk management, we can choose the kind of service we have to offer. So we can get an idea about the kind of software to be used to achieve our objectives. 3. Select the technology: There is always a debate whether to buy software or to build customized software for your organization. The diagram below shows the factors that have to be considered before making a decision by the management. According to Hoffman3, the decision to develop a customized software should depend on the competitive edge it can create. When a software is very essential to create an edge over the competition and if it defines the basic purpose of the organization, the cost of development of the software is justified. On the other hand if the organization can use an off the shelf software the company should buy the software to reduce the operational costs and thereby can pass on the cost benefit to its customers. The author suggests that the organization can buy a software and adjust its operations according to the software implemented which will require less

Collective Selection Theory and Class Differentiation

Collective Selection Theory and Class Differentiation Selection argues that fashion as a force in culture, collective selection substitutes class differentiation as a motive for its dynamic change. The elites (buyers and designers) are the ones that move but do not affect the fashion system thus causing collective selection. This occurs because buyers and designers are intertwined in a mesh of a uniform culture where they read the same trends and have the kind of influences to each other. The collective selection forms part of a new movement towards newer tastes with driving forces of fashion being historical continuity (newer fashions arising from older ones), modernity, collective taste from social interaction and finally psychological motives which Blumer (1969) acknowledges but does not favour. From his examination, he observes fashion as a central force that affects cultural sociology. His form of fashion is semi-autonomous which responds to but it is not influenced by opinions and taste of elites. This was a first attempt by socio logists to take the topic of fashion seriously. Georg Simmel in his 1904s class analysis of fashion had given a casual examination of the topic. Introduction Fashion is among the most creative and important industry in the world.  Everyone participates in development of the fashion industry to a certain degree. Fashion is a subject that periodically rediscovers itself and it is fascinating in its dynamics of humanities and social sciences. Social thinkers over time have treated the fashion industry as a window for social change and social class. Fashion has been viewed to embody characteristics representing modernity and culture. Some sociologists argue that it is hard to fathom a social life be it in arts, sciences, politics, entertainment, academia, business, law or morality without exhibiting elements of fashion in one way or another. Society tend to flock to styles, ideas, methods and practices that appear new and exciting to them, and after a period of time, the intensity of the fascination diminishes when newer ones emerge. The need and desire to be in fashion is manifested mostly in dressing. This is characterized by a pull of th e societys or inividuals continuity and the also the push to adopt new innovations. A cultural analysis of fashion is essential in understanding the dynamic shift in trends over time. Unlike the trickle down theory by Georg Simmel in 1904 which did not observe fashion first-hand, the Blumers collective selection theory gives attention to the whole process of meaning to society with focus on practices that are contemporary. An observation is made from the above two theories that fashion setters are the ones who mainly benefit from the intertwined relationship whereas followers benefit a little bit. Blumer asks fellow sociologists to take seriously the topic of fashion. He argues that this is so because fashion is more than clothing. Fashion is natural as it did not appear to society that in history as fashion but achievements that were up-to-date. He further states that fashion is important socially because where it operates be it in philosophy, business or science, it assumes a central position. Blumer asserts that fashion is a behavior that is rational. Fashion has its respectability because people respond to its character that is of distinction and propriety. Simmels (1957) view of fashion as style in his trickle-down theory provided insights such as the relevance of prestige in fashion operation and the proper identification of the realm of fashion as a form of change which is natural as opposed to aberrant. This analysis however falls short of catching the real position of fashion as a wider social happening. Simmel adds that fashion is taken up by social elites for the reason of classifying themselves from the other lower class. The lower group or class adopts the style of the upper group. When new fashions emerge, the upper class shifts to flee from their counterparts hence causing a continuous trickle-down effect characterized by the need for the upper class to distinguish themselves. In a nutshell, fashion is influenced by need for social stratification and social mobility. Though there has been wide criticism of the social class theory as being simplistic and also one-dimensional, it has had broad influence on todays fashion becaus e observation of fashion trends of many consumers show that high status people and the wealthy set the trend in fashion. For instance fashion magazines show images of items that are highly priced and outside the reach of lower class group, this cause a drive for the ordinary group to imitate and emulate the rich. However, it is not the wealth and prestige of the elite that makes the very design fashionable, but it is the designs potential fashionableness that allows the elites prestige to be attached. This is possible because the elite, rather than set the trends/fashion, they struggle and strive to follow its direction. This is based on the fact that people will consume fashion but not because of their wealth or prestige of their social class but just to show fashionability. Moreover, the elite have to make a decision of choosing between competing trends in fashion and that the choice they make is not always dependent on prestige of the innovator of the same fashion. In addition, c lass structure of the 20th century was different from the subsequent centuries. The contemporary societys class has a diversified structure and puts emphasis on fashion modernity. Zeitgeist theory Blumer (1969) expands on the views of Simmel by outlining all the societal conditions of fashion appearance because fashion emanates from societies. On the theory advanced by Herbert Blumer, fashion comes from a process that is collective where people adopt collective tastes expressed in trends in fashion. The driving force of fashion is not always imitation of the higher class people per se, rather they follow trends in fashion because of their desire to be fashionable. Consumers make a choice among various options available in the fashion market. People think of choices of their fashion as personal style and expressing individuality. As the selection goes on at individual level, it also occurs in aggregation into tastes that are collective. As selection and aggregation process in fashion goes on, a zeitgeist theory of trend is reflected. Individual choices in fashion spark a movement which has collective character implications on society. For example a style observed by a public figure may manifest the zeitgeist trend. The theory is a critique of the trickle-down effect of imitation of people of high status. The theory views fashion and trend as a collective or aggregation of choices of individuals in the society. It emphasizes not imitation or copying, but the desire by an individual to be fashionable. For instance, the desire to be in fashion does not necessarily mean emulation of values, lifestyle, or status of the group that sported the style first. Such individuals may opt to be in a collective moment which does not require imitation of what others are wearing. A status theory in trends might suggest that joining a trend is copying. Moreover, fashion rises as emulation then follows by a decline when early adopters try to stratify themselves from the masses by adopting new style. It then follows that, if one tries to equate joining a trend with copying, then the conclusion is that copying is a driving force for fashion. However, the trickle-down effect or status theory does not completely exhaust all the motivations for trends in fashion. According to the zeitgeist theory, imitation of elites and copying does not completely define fashion. Therefore, the theory disaggregates fashion from copying and that it moves not because the market is saturated with copies. In a nutshell, copying in fashion change may play a small role but it is not the engine without which the industrys innovation would stagnate. Social construction element of fashion in a society Blumer argues that fashion as a form of change is not linked to any field arbitrarily but it may affect or influence the content of that particular field which it operates. Fashion is the linkage to the past, the present and the future of the followers of fashion. Blumer (1969) gives six features which are basics of fashion which underline the function played by time in the whole fashion process. First is the readiness and willingness to change particularly in the area and the people through their practices, beliefs, attachments and they must also be ready to accept new forms of social order which thrusts them into the right direction in the future. The assumption and presupposition is that the area of fashion change is in passage, it will responding to changes around it and it is geared towards remaining abreast of current and new developments. Secondly, new proposals or models compete for them to be adopted and embraced. The models for adoption should be diverse by covering a range of viewpoints, themes, doctrines, practices, lines of preoccupation and artifacts use. Thirdly, there has to be relatively free room or opportunity for making a choice between the proposals or models. Fourthly, the selection should be made based on response to the interplay or incipient taste rather than rational considerations, merit or utility. This brings the difficulty of determination of merits because the guiding principles of fashion are not utilitarian or considerations that are rational. Fifthly, is the topic of presence of figures who are prestige and who espouse upon themselves the competing proposals. Blumer (1969) adds that what is perceived to be up to date is better than mere promotion of trends in fashion of certain figure that is prestigious (actor, organization, individual). The sixth element or feature is the area of applicability of the fashion. It should be open to emerging new interests in response to effects of outside situation/events, new participants being introduced in the fashion area and shift social interactions. Blumer argues that a course of fashion development must be present so that a given model is solidified and socially lifted which is important for a certain time frame (Blumer, 1969: 288). According to Meyer and Rowan (1977) as fashion comes and goes within the context of institutional environment, as long as they are accepted and institutionalized as standards in behavior, they can be regarded as institutions. A critique of fashion mechanism features Viewing fashion mechanism from the perspective of a continuing process of fashion that is of collective selection in a competitive model brings a different picture of social analysis. The elites in fashion form part of a collective process which responds to a shift in sensitivity and taste. Features such as historical continuity, modernity, collective taste and psychological motives which affect fashion mechanisms are discussed below. Historical continuity Fashion grows out of predecessors. The innovators of fashion always consider prevailing fashion for purposes of embracing, elaborating or departing from it. A continuity line is thus formed which typically has a trend. This continuity means that no extreme change occurs. On the other hand Blumer calls the popular adornments which lack successor as fads. Modernity Blumer refers to modernity as zeitgeist. Fashion is modern and seeks to remain abreast of modern times. Fashion is always sensitive to changes in developments. Fashion becomes responsible and responsive to trend, to developments in ornamentation, fabrics, and fine arts. Collective taste Collective taste is a force that ensures a process which selects, sets limits and provides guidance and also undergoes refinement through attachment to social forms. Taste is tri-fold in nature. It operates like a selector by giving basis for rejection or acceptance. It is also an agent which guides the growth of action lines and by shaping objects for the purposes of meeting demand. Fashion change occurs frequently in societies where there is more interaction between people and where the newness of the change is most valued rather than feared. Fashion is also not individual but social in nature. Psychological Motives Earlier scholars have traced fashion to be desires for notoriety and personal prestige. For instance, some define it as the effort towards increasing the self attractiveness under conditions that impair ones integrity of the ego. According to Blumer (1969), such explanations are shallow as they singly or either collectively, has been unable to account for trends in fashion because they do not show how the different feelings lead to fashion process. The definitions fail show fashion as a collective selection process as it is. In summary, there are many factors influencing fashion change. Fashion change is selected collectively through interplay between public taste that is dynamic and desire by the elite group to shape modernity which is part of the public. Fashion, according to Blumer (1969) appears as a collective class or grouping for the near future than a movement that is laid down by the prestige figures. Conclusion Blumers (1969) analysis of fashion as being social rather than individual in nature is a holistic attempt by a sociologist to explain the topic. Blumer (1969) concludes that fashion helps individuals and society in general to deal with the dynamics and potential complexities of modern world. Through the process of collective selection, social order is achieved. Fashion brings into fore a measure of uniformity and unanimity in a market that would have been fragmented. It introduces some order in the present. It does so by establishing a model that limits variability hence ensuring uniformity. Secondly, fashion serves at detaching the grip of past events in a dynamic world. This calls for option to move towards new directions hence it cannot be referred to as old-fashioned or out-of-date. Finally fashion operates as preparation that is orderly to the future. It offers elites the chance to give their models and at the same time adopts the ones that withstand collective selection. The ab ove three ways help society move in a unified and orderly manner. Fashion should be viewed as a pivotal mechanism which informs social order in a modernized society. Sociologists should strive to analysis fashion without irrationality and inconsequential behavior.

The Ewell Residence in To Kill a Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

The Ewell Residence in To Kill a Mockingbird In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee gives us a very detailed description of Robert Ewell, his family, and how he lives. A good example is the passage in which Robert Ewell testifies in the Tom Robinson Trial. This is a description of the Ewell's home as well as an insight into the Ewells themselves. We learn what kind of a father Robert is and the kind of life into which he has forced his eldest daughter, Mayella. We also see how the county of Maycomb cruelly discriminates against the black community even though they are more respectable than people like the Ewells. Lee uses such detail in the account of the Ewell cabin because the best way to understand the Ewells is to understand how they live. For example, she states, "The cabin's plank walls were supplemented with sheets of corrugated iron, its general shape suggested it's original design: square, with four tiny rooms opening onto a shotgun hall, the cabin rested uneasily upon four irregular lumps of limestone. Its windows were merely open spaces in the walls, which in the summer were covered with greasy strips of cheese cloth to keep out the varmints that feasted on Maycomb's refuse." This description paints a very vivid picture of the cabin and also tells a little bit about the Ewells themselves. From this we can infer that the Ewells took very little (if any at all) pride in their home and it's appearance. Later in the passage Lee adds, "What passed for a fence was bits of tree limbs, broomsticks and tool shafts, all tipped with rusty hammer heads, shovels, axes and grubbing hoes, held on with pieces of barbed wire." By now it is apparent that the only household repairs the Ewells make are with things they find at the dump. The image Lee is trying to form of these people is made very obvious by her use of details. The passage also gives quite a bit of insight into Mr.Ewell himself. For example, Lee states, "The varmints had a lean of it, for the Ewells gave the dump a thorough gleaning every day^Å" This statement informs us that the Ewells main source of revenue is form the town dump.

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds Admit Impediments

NAIFAN CHEN ESSAY: LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS Shakespeare’s sonnet â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds† elucidates Shakespeare’s thoughts and opinions on the theme, love. The poet describes how true love is eternal, how it can stand up to time and the way it resists negative inducement. During the sonnet, the poet changes the mood and atmosphere from somber to emotionally positive. Shakespeare uses many language techniques -such as metaphors, repetition and enjambment- to do this.Shakespeare begins the first quatrain with a statement, â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds/Admit impediments†. It briefs the reader on what the sonnet is about and sets a scene for future development. The use of the negative, ‘not’, emphasizes that the poet wants to deny the truth. The negative also creates a slightly austere atmosphere. Through this and the synecdoche â€Å"marriage of true minds† it is shown that the poet envisions true happiness but there is something about what is happening that is troubling him.The enjambment applied here by Shakespeare is especially effective as it conveys a feeling of importance of the supposedly unwelcome information he is about to disclose; although he says he is not going to ‘Admit impediments’ –in this context, obstacles in the way of love. The caesura in the middle of line 2 gives the next statement a feeling of emotion and provides substance. The enjambment for the sentence â€Å"Love is not love/which alters when it altercation finds† gives an impression of true lovers being truthful to each other.Shakespeare has shifted the mood from one bordering on the negative to a more positive one. The constancy used in this line and the next, â€Å"Or bends with the remover to remove†, ascertains the fact that definite love does not change. The colon put to use at the end of this quatrain is indicative that in the following quatrai n the poet will describe in detail a situation. The second quatrain uses metaphors portrays love as many model things, an unerring point in the sky and being of immeasurable value. The exclamation, â€Å"O no! † informs us that true love is really not what he had written before.Shakespeare proclaims love to be; â€Å"It is an ever fixed mark/ That looks on tempests and is never shaken†. The positive â€Å"it is† used here differs from the negatives used before and accentuates the depiction of love’s actual form. Additionally, this line is also a deep metaphor in itself, meaning that love is an ever-fixed point that is unaffected by any storm. The semi-colon introduces another metaphor, â€Å"It is the star to every wandering bark†, which is a reference to how boats during that time were called barquentines, or barks, and how sailors used stars to navigate.This metaphor compares love to a paragon which all people look up to. The continuation of this metaphor, â€Å"Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken† declares that the love can be compared to in terms of other qualities but in itself has unfathomable value. This quatrain is actually an extended metaphor which Shakespeare has cleverly concealed. Within the third quatrain Shakespeare personifies love as something able to withstand the force of time. As â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool† clearly reveals to us, the poet reckons love to not succumb to the effect of time.The synecdoche, â€Å"Though rosy lips and cheeks†, together with the line â€Å"Within his bending sickle’s compass come† expresses that everyone, even the most perfect and beautiful, will one day die. The hard consonant sounds used here stress the importance this. This is also a hidden metaphor for which Death is compared to putting in use his scythe to reap us humans, i. e. kill, albeit only eventually. The next two lines, â€Å"Love alters not w ith his brief hours and weeks, / But bears it out even to the edge of doom† is an allusion to love standing its ground even in the wake of Doomsday.This quatrain effectively illustrates love as a thing that endures all hardship; reinforcing the extended metaphor of the previous quatrain. In the final couplet, Shakespeare makes a witty declaration. The final two lines of this sonnet create a sort of paradox, as he writes â€Å"If this be error and upon me proved, / I never writ, nor no man ever loved†. As he has written much more than any other person, Shakespeare will theoretically not be wrong.The phrase â€Å"Nor no man ever loved† has deep emphasis on the negative â€Å"nor†, suggesting that he should somehow be sad but is not. Shakespeare ends the sonnet on a rather melancholic tone. Ultimately, Shakespeare expresses his own feelings and opinions through the sonnet. His usage of language techniques helps him do so. Love is shown to be not only a qualit y, but it is personified as a perfect, unchanging thing, unaffected by time. Shakespeare has really proved himself to be a prolific writer and extraordinarily capable poet as result of this sonnet.

Free Essays on Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia Have you ever been walking through your backyard and all the sudden your leg was blown off by a landmine? Well 1 in every 236 people in Cambodia has had that happen. That’s why many people have fled their homes in Southeast Asia because they don’t want to put them selves or their family in danger of getting blown up by a landmine. Many people have begun to return back to their homes after many years away from them, because they think that they can deal with the landmines and that maybe some of mines are gone. There are over 40 million refugees in the world that have left their homes because of the threat of death or injury from landmines. â€Å"One study†¦ shows that during a six month period in 1992, 85 percent of those that where injured in mine explosions were engaged in nonmilitary activities such as farming, traveling between villages, and just tending their cattle.† So there are a lot of innocent people getting hurt for nothing. Most mines are located primarily in the developing world along roads, paths, and fields. This is causing many people the right to have a good free life, because many of the people don’t want to work on farms or heard cattle because they never know when they might step on a mine. This causes them to go poor and then they can’t support their family. In Cambodia, one lady was out letting her cattle eat and as she was walking around looking after her cattle she happened to step on a mine. This injured both of her legs, causing her family to sell all their cattle to pay off the hospital bill and now they have no money. Landmines are primarily used in wars for blowing-up soldiers; this puts a fear among the enemy. They are also used to protect things that are located on the ground, like bases, land missiles, or even boundaries. But once the war is over what happens to the land mines that have not been detonated? Well, they just sit and sit, waiting to do their job, and t... Free Essays on Southeast Asia Free Essays on Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Have you ever been walking through your backyard and all the sudden your leg was blown off by a landmine? Well 1 in every 236 people in Cambodia has had that happen. That’s why many people have fled their homes in Southeast Asia because they don’t want to put them selves or their family in danger of getting blown up by a landmine. Many people have begun to return back to their homes after many years away from them, because they think that they can deal with the landmines and that maybe some of mines are gone. There are over 40 million refugees in the world that have left their homes because of the threat of death or injury from landmines. â€Å"One study†¦ shows that during a six month period in 1992, 85 percent of those that where injured in mine explosions were engaged in nonmilitary activities such as farming, traveling between villages, and just tending their cattle.† So there are a lot of innocent people getting hurt for nothing. Most mines are located primarily in the developing world along roads, paths, and fields. This is causing many people the right to have a good free life, because many of the people don’t want to work on farms or heard cattle because they never know when they might step on a mine. This causes them to go poor and then they can’t support their family. In Cambodia, one lady was out letting her cattle eat and as she was walking around looking after her cattle she happened to step on a mine. This injured both of her legs, causing her family to sell all their cattle to pay off the hospital bill and now they have no money. Landmines are primarily used in wars for blowing-up soldiers; this puts a fear among the enemy. They are also used to protect things that are located on the ground, like bases, land missiles, or even boundaries. But once the war is over what happens to the land mines that have not been detonated? Well, they just sit and sit, waiting to do their job, and t...

Soteriology Essays

Soteriology Essays Soteriology Essay Soteriology Essay Essay Topic: The Lord Of the Rings the Fellowship Of the Ring Jesus violent death is a part of the mystery of God’s plan where his establishment of the eternal plan of predestination was based on a person’s free response to his grace. God has permitted the acts that flowed from the blindness of man for the sole purpose of accomplishing his plan of salvation. It reflects total obedience even in the midst of suffering and pain to do the will of God for the greater good and salvation of mankind. It is the humble predestination of defeating sin, condemning human nature of self, and beginning to look into the mystery of God’s love by an act of sacrifice nobody would ever understand the need to contain the entire wrath and the consequences of sin by mere defeat of his death out of the Blessed Trinity’s love for mankind. For man has been so proud that human nature does not know how to stoop down in humility to beg for God’s forgiveness that God has sent his only begotten Son to show us the way how to manifest atonement of our sins done by the act of selfless love. Jesus has exhibited everything that a person finds contrary to the strength of human nature which is being subjected to extreme suffering, temptation, hunger, thirst even death. Everything that Jesus has done on the face of the earth is done to perform the will of God in order to appease his wrath and to restore our fellowship or that image of a father and son relationship. This implies that the only way to God’s kingdom and favor is through the cross which seems to please him and make him grant us forgiveness regardless of the severity of the relationship sin has done to us and the hardness of our hearts. God loves us so much that he taught us how to return the favor of that selfless love. The subjective cleansing of the sinner is a continuing process as the redemption was purchased by Jesus from the ruler of this world applied by the Holy Spirit to those who lay down his freewill to follow the mystery of salvation and to those who accepted the unfathomed cleansing of the soul by the suffering one gets from what God has sent to restore us to his flock. The pain that strikes us serves to soften our hearts, cleanse our body and soul, and open our doors to wisdom nobody can ever comprehend but only those who had undergone the process of complete surrender and seeking God’s face amidst the chaos of the   mind brought about by the chaos of this world[1]. Where in this process, at the lowest moment of your life, man will come to meet God, know him, and desire to know him more. This reaches out to the supernatural being of God through spirituality, not basic but deep spirituality. The unfolding of God’s nature and the development of the relationship is incomparable. He who reveals himself to the one who seeks him gives him the strength and the capability to live in entire poverty and dire simplicity but still is at peace and comfortable with himself. Nothing can ever substitute the peace and happiness that we feel when the Holy Spirit reveals himself and teach you wisdom in consolation. God just wanted to be your God, for you to seek his face, gain a part of his wisdom from the personal teachings of the Holy Spirit, and maintain the desire to live in constant fellowship with him in humility and complete surrender of freewill. Man will and can only truly understand love and true care from the guidance of the Holy Spirit in the greater understanding of the word. The Holy Spirit’s revelations and teachings enables us how to become pleasing in the eyes of God. The process is personal and is different in every person noted by the change in the person’s heart, facial expression, and the only time that mind and heart comes into agreement molding anew our values and our faith. It is indeed true that the longest journey of man is his travel from his heart to his mind. The realization is evident when we let conscience, wisdom, and goodness shape our hearts and our mind, there is a definite change in views and reflections of maturity in a different kind of spiritual level. Understanding the process requires an openness of the heart, meditation, and prayer where we keep the sphere of seeking God’s face. Knock the doors of heaven as the blood of Jesus has knocked at the doors of his Father to open the way for us. We as sinners has been spared because Jesus took our places and died in our stead.   His death emerges as the central truth in the Christian doctrine of redemption: the atonement, which is the very significance of Jesus death. He was wounded for our transgressions and out of indebtedness we follow his instruction to always remember the passion and offer him in the altar at the holy mass so our prayers and sacrifices will be accepted by the Father in atonement of our sins by making him remember the paschal mystery of the blood of the lamb that has freely merited life for us and by which God has reconciled us to himself and to one another. The very concept of the substitution of the bread and wine to the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ offered in the Holy Mass through the sacrament of consecration serves us three things: adoration, thanksgiving, and expiation. Jesus was exhibited here as the only mediator and pleasing sacrifice between God and man. The sacrifice is very easy to see indeed but this serves as the cornerstone of our belief. Man’s response to God in faith professes his witnessing to the existence of God whom we cannot see but is revealed in many ways around us and in the events of our lives. Recognition of the mystery of substitution is only captured through the eyes of faith. The desire for God is already written in the hearts of man waiting for the response of faith to accept and trust him to be our God in all entireties as a person and by complete surrender of freewill. When God allows circumstances to refine us through suffering, it is an opportunity to gain insight to the meaning of life and what and where it has taken us. We believe that everything happens for a reason. In today’s world where modernism has changed a lot of hand me down traditions and practices of the church, pain and suffering is necessary as an invitation to one’s walk of faith. Conversion Conversion is rather recognized as a conversion of the heart rather than a conversion of religion. It is a process of reconciling our person with our creator and our God. It is always done through many forms of human pain and suffering that usually leads us to the doors of repentance, an act of acknowledging one’s sin and admission of one’s transgressions. It is that one moment in our life when we come to know what we lack in ourselves and what we miss in our life that ultimately leads us to seek the face of God and abstain in a lot of worldly matters to be able to see him. We ought to suffer in silence and seek him in silence. Silence is hearing the word of the Holy Spirit, taking his presence and gaining his wisdom leading us to read and know God more through the Holy Scriptures. True to its sense, the word is the bread of life, feeding us, feeding our souls. As the days passed, the Holy Spirit will accompany us to our travels of a holy life. Keeping us stronger by its power to envelope us with his presence and of his love. As the days passed, we come to meet a lot of people and a lot of reality that serves to nourish our understanding of life devoid of the faculties of intelligence but always seeing the person and the environment the way the Holy Spirit wants us to see them. It is with this development, that we come to fulfill the sole requirement of faith which we derived from our own travails of faith experience changing us, refining us. It is at this time that we hunger more of God’s word, thirst for his presence, cry for our sinfulness that we have a lot of flashbacks in the past. A lot of it are the sins that we have to know to realize and understand are keeping us away from him. And so we come to confess and cry during the process of reparation to reach out to him wanting to hold and hug him but there is only faith and that feeling of presence that is left in us to confirm his existence. It is something that we know is not there but we are confident it exist and is guiding us for our goodness sake. Wishing he could be present himself in human form so we can talk to him like we talk to other people. But no, with him it is different, we cry a lot, we suffer, and yet we become stronger and experience a different kind of peace while immersing ourselves in his presence during deep prayers and quite time. We can never meet him if we don’t seek him with all our heart and we don’t empty ourselves before his throne (ECCCE 1994). Our soul is very lonely without him and it is through the challenge of silence that we denounce the world, clean our houses, cast out a lot of worldly attachments and make way for the presence. We can never let the Holy Spirit come into our hearts if we are so full of worldly preoccupation. This is the very rationale of emptiness which means being devoid of worldly attachments and focus our minds, body, hearts to him and him alone. Repentance is more on looking for our faults and how our tongue and our actions have hurt others and feeling gravely sorry for everything that you have done to hurt God and to hurt other people. It is never a means to justify our actions against righteousness. It is always seeing our faults and asking forgiveness for what we have done to restore our relationship with God in every minute of our lives. Genuine conversion lies in the hearts of man and not in the verbal proclamation of plainly believing and being saved. Conversion is closing the doors of sin, the ultimate dying of self and letting the Holy Spirit guide us to become a part of his divine plan leading us to the unknown but yet fulfilling the ultimate part of making us new in all humility. When we humbly seek the face of God and seek for his fellowship, we ask first for his forgiveness and seek to cleanse our hearts through repentance and confession. It is a matter of professing our faith from the very experiences and witnessing God has so kindly affords us to experience through tears and mostly tears. We die first on our sins and come to live again renewed manifesting the typology of the dynamic movement of the fulfillment of the divine plan where we came to live for God and God alone. And such is the force and power of God that has supported the Church all through the ages. Man then is being given the grace of faith by the workings of the Holy Spirit who moves hearts and converts it for God which makes it justifiably easy for the person to wholeheartedly accept the truth and believe and choose God to be God. Without faith it is not possible to see God and attain his fellowship. As we were never coerced to believe in him we are always invited to believe in him where from our acceptance the Holy Spirit can freely work in us to serve him in spirit and in truth. Regeneration then is being felt and known by the converted sinner the moment he is always envelope by peace, freedom, joy and hearing to sensing the guidance of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit does not stop working is us, it is then and only when we are so preoccupied with the pace and attachments of this world that we are unable to hear him. This is why we have to discipline ourselves and commune with God in silence to hear his guidance and feel his presence always inside and beside us the way he wants us to feel and know him. We can never choose, for God alone knows the way our hearts run and in him alone can we find the satisfaction and longing our hearts so desires. He is everything, the way to peace, the way to love, the way to fulfillment in life for we are created for him and him alone but given the freewill to accept or deny his invitation. At times when we are so low and everything else is gone. When we come to know that our world is falling apart and that we are left to master the treachery of this world alone in our failures, we don’t give up and commit suicide. It is a matter of going in circles round your room to analyze why this has happen in your life. Maybe it is but proper for humanity to fail. Sickness and failure in every sense has come to claim your life and it is inevitably making suicide seem to be the only option for all the frustrations and the disappointments felt therein. Come to pause a moment and cry and reach out to heaven, maybe shout to the Lord. You will realize that he always comes to the rescue, because that was his personal invitation to accept his fellowship known as the CUE. When we respond in faith accepting his invitation with our freewill, the process of conversion of the heart will then start to transform us to almost the goodness of his image gaining a part of his wisdom from the workings of the Holy Spirit. This is the real conversion experience one must welcome in tears and joy. The contrary emotional attributes of the failures, frustrations, pain, and hurt in any form but it is now our reality, we feel what we feel maybe a lot of it we don’t understand and just happen to meet during the refinement process. Our spirituality change and the way we deal with people and the world change. Seeing and understanding the complexities of human nature while praying for them is another gift of the converted repentant sinner. We start to see our environment in the light of blessing and pure gratitude of how God has provided for us and come to see people in the light of our spirituality which makes us understand how we lack patience and humility to begin to love the most difficult attitude for the love and sake of our God. With him everything else is new and amazingly different based on the real measures of faith and love that we come to bow and kneel before his throne as a child, never an ad ult, always as a child, the way he wants us to be in his presence: a child of God. Sanctification and perseverance: its context and its meaning Faith needs nurturing. The word of God does it all: strengthening us, molding us like a potter’s clay, transforming our hearts in the process of conversion, refining our souls like gold perfectly refined in fire in the process of purification, and claiming us back to his arms. Sanctification may be seen as a progressive continuing process in us.   The Holy Spirit sanctifies us, guides us and strengthens us on our continuous struggle over sin and being steadfast in our obedience to God. Sanctification focuses on predestined God’s plan where favors predict setting apart a person for a specific divine purpose from those who have not yet received the gospel. The moment we are saved in Jesus we are immediately sanctified and begin the process of conforming to the image of Jesus (Hoekema 1989). Sanctification is actually an inward spiritual process. God brings holiness and change in our hearts by the works of the Holy Spirit. God has given us both opportunity and responsibility to work out our own sanctification seen as a challenge in the aspect of our Christian walk to be a vessel of honor, sanctified and prepared for every good work in the mystery of God’s plan. Our spiritual union with God through prayers comforts us in our hardships making us overly sensitive to the leading of the Holy Spirit from where we gather the strength to overcome sin. Faced with God’s fascinating and mysterious presence, man uncovers his own insignificance called by grace to a covenant with his creator in a matter of position and progression on our response of faith and love. For in the history of creation God has created everything for man where man’s role is to serve and love God alone and offer all creation back to him. Sanctification is every believer’s responsibility to seek righteousness drawn from the changed on his mind’s purpose and intent involving relative quite comparative changed on qualities and disposition. Partaking of God’s grace affects the soul first then progresses to the body as both are capable to manifest total obedience to the will of God. Sanctification represents the idea of position or relationship existing between God and a person consecrated to him based on the concept of the Holy Spirit leadings on moral and spiritual qualities which is the fundamental tool in development of inner values towards holiness. It is the concept of consecration of thought and devotion to the service of God which explains what is set aside from the world for God should also separate himself from the defilement of this world in order to share and obtain God’s purity. It is a never ending process indeed we are being asked to persevere in our watch so we won’t be t aken by the adversary who is more than willing to snatch poor souls from the cradle of love. The converted person’s thread of moralism is solely dependent on his relation with God and of the grace of God. To live a life of virtue, man merits the approval of God by a life of poverty, penance, and good works. Sanctification is a supernatural impartation of a new infused energy of the divine life where the soul is lifted to a new level or higher order of being enabling it to achieve the destiny of divination by knowing, possessing, and enjoying God. This imparts in us the permanent habit of inherent righteousness to carry within ourselves this sanctifying grace to perfection as in the case of the saints who willingly suffers, sacrifices themselves in full consummation of the soul for the glory of God. This procedure is not applicable to a group but is rather individualistic and defines a very personal relationship with God nobody can ever possess or take except for whom it was destined and given. An overwhelming grace of being subjected to the holy presence of God affecting our senses gratifying us to saintly disposition where by its revelation is being transmitted to this world affecting other people like a disease which also attempts to influence their own conversion of hearts. It is a kind of a contagious inner happiness and holiness radiating to the other person affecting him and his state of being through constant exposure of the rays of holiness invading his senses affecting his stands in this world for the greater good. Of course this is very different from the definition of sex appeal but the idea of radiating is more like it but intensely contagious. Sanctification takes place at the crisis of death and resurrection of the dead which was thoroughly described in our discussion on death to sin and renewal of life in faith and by the grace of the Holy Spirit. We must realize that in the conversion one undergoes death and afterwards resurrection by response of faith to God’s invitation. The soul’s death and the soul’s resurrection are partly the work of God and partly the work of man as believers cooperate. The instrumentality of man as a rational being requires free cooperation of all his faculties much more on his intelligence. Sanctification is absolutely requesting diligence and perseverance in the employment of the means which at times faith may seem to falter because of the soul’s weariness and the human body’s limitation to absorb pain and hurt from the other inhabitants of this world. Communion with God in deep prayer is the only thing that gives us consolation by the inexplicable joy felt when granted of his presence by the merits of grace and tears. One may consider the strength of the grace to be able to make the shift from this world to the domains of the supernatural world. And it will take a lot of effort on man’s part to come back to continue to live on this world if one has already experienced being in the supernatural world of God. This entirely different world sometimes frustrates the sanctified soul for he never would want to come back to this world again but rather choose to remain in the domains of the supernatural where God does not allow extensions on feeling the presence of his grace. It happens only in a matter of seconds or even minutes where the soul has no concern of time merely satiating the longings of his soul. We have to come back to this world because each of the sanctified soul has a role to play and their lives are a part of Godâ €™s plan of salvation. The soul then makes the body persevere in a lot of ways or by which God has sent to us to make us able to bear difficulties and hardships in silence, calmly, and without complaints always offering every drop of tear for the mortification and salvation of our own souls and of the souls of others. The amazing grace leaves us lasting impressions on selfless love. Our role as Christians is to support each other for the love of Christ and of the salvation of other men to build up the body of Christ and the church. Considering ourselves as the temple of the Holy Spirit, we are then to commit ourselves to help rebuild the body by the help of the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit always teaching us to pray through the heart and not by the mind. When prayers shift from the mind to the heart then and only then we will be able to obtain the tools to endure the means. A believer may persevere until the end always enduring or lose his salvation in a blink of an eye by getting back to the sins he once denounced. It has been always easy to step backwards than forward on to holiness. The jump could be so fatal to the soul and to the body. Holiness needs deep prayer and daily communion with God. We must allow ourselves to be silent to be able to listen to the leading of the Holy Spirit. We must allow the Holy Spirit to teach us the real meaning of the scriptures and apply it in our respective reality. Man must understand that without the guidance of the Holy Spirit, interpretation may vary and may lead us astray. Prayer, silence, meditation and continuous praise and adoration are very important in maintaining our relationship with God acting as our strength to be able to endure and persevere until the end of our time. The solution to prevent our fall is always annotated from our basic responses of faith. The biblical teachings of the assurance of salva tion always rotate on faith and perseverance of the soul. Predestination and election Arminianism is a teaching on predestination as a pathway already mapped out for all the foreknown. It stands on the belief that whatever God has decreed with regards to man has been founded on the foresight of their conduct. The idea of God respecting freewill is not eternal but is made in time. Armenians hold that God foreseeing from all eternity predicts that some people will repent and believe in him and so elects them to everlasting life. Election is the act of choosing the person God wants to bestow his saving grace like the election of Christ and of Israel. Foreseeing others to continue to sin God does no further attempts to save but instead leaves them to perish (Hill Hill 1842). Calvinistic doctrines on election and predestination describe God’s mercy as a mystery offered to a predestined elect group of individuals. God being the alpha and the omega knows how things will run in the past, present and the future. His foreknowledge of events is indeed amazing enough to call for equality in his attempts to save mankind based from man’s freewill and response of faith. God’s grace can never act if man does not respond to accept his offer of redemption. It is that one thing in the context of man that God respects never imposing his will upon man always respecting the power of choice. He loves to be chosen and loved in the foundations of trust and faith and not by the mere imposition of it. Jesus has made the official sacrifice for the salvation of every man without exception. But the idea of conversion always meets halfway: God’s offer and man’s acceptance. God chooses us out because we have special roles to play in his divine plan of salvation and whatever is the motive of the choosing is beyond the understanding and philosophical analysis of man otherwise God won’t be God and man will play God. It is this supernatural high degree of intellectuality that separates God from the structure of his creation. What he decides and wills is always for the greater good of mankind and not just for the glory of a certain group or person. For we do not see only those who have benefited greatly in physical strength out of his saving grace like Israel but rather continue our search on the whys and how on the sufferings of the saints and why they were chosen to suffer. Faith, relationship, and salvation play different roles beyond the comprehension of man. God pr actices equality and has sent the invitation to everyone. It is entirely within our reach, if and only if we believe and accept him in complete surrender of our will that he can freely work in us. Favors therefore lies in our hearts and faith and from those who prayed for us to obtain one. nbsp;

Nacroterrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nacroterrorism - Research Paper Example One of the reasons for increased narco-terrorism is that mergers between terrorists and drug traffickers benefit both sides. Terrorists enable drug traffickers to access military skills, clandestine groups, and weapons. Since terrorists mostly operate vast amount of territories, drug traffickers benefit by freely moving their assets. On the other hand, drug traffickers benefit terrorist by being a source of revenue and expertise in an illegal transfer. Additionally, most terrorist organizations believe that flooding their enemies with drugs can weaken them. The terrorists believe that after intoxicating their enemies with drugs, they can go ahead and do what they wish. Hence, they need drug dealers to facilitate their operations (Beers and Taylor 4). Another reason that has fueled narcoterrorism is that terrorists and drug traffickers more or less have similar methods of operations. Both groups employ the services of corrupt officials for mutual benefits. Some of the services include access to fraudulent documents. Both sides increasingly depend on the structures of cells to achieve their respective goals while enhancing security (Beers and Taylor 5). Members of compartmentalized cells carry daily activities as directed by a centralized strong leadership. Additionally, they conceal fund-raising and profits using informal transfer systems, smuggling bulk cash, opening multiple bank accounts, and bribing front organizations. Countries that have poorly regulated banking systems make it easier for drug traffickers and terrorists to use online transfers and open accounts that do not request disclosure of owners. Furthermore, both groups conceal their communication channels and code languages. Moreover, nations use same techniques and equipment to combat drug trafficking groups and terrorist organizations. In the past, state sponsors funded terrorist organizations that in turn helped them to secure

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Essay

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure - Essay Example Along with beta blockers, ACE inhibitors can also be used since they retard progression of coronary artery disease. These drugs act by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme which decreases the production of angiotensin II. They must be used in caution while using with other drugs because of their potential to increase potassium levels. Statins are used to control hypercholesterolemia. These include atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. Their use leads to significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with hyperlipidemia. They also have the advantage of stabilizing atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries and may even contribute to regression of coronary atherosclerosis (Zevitz, 2006). The cornerstone of medical treatment in both patients with symptomatic and those with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is antianginal medications. The drugs which fall in to this category include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, and amlodipine, and nitrates. These drugs act by increasing blood supply into the coronary arteries. Long-acting nitrates are effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and are frequently used in combination with both beta-blockers and calcium channel antagonists. Short-acting nitroglycerin is the agent of choice in the treatment of acute symptomatic myocardial ischemia (Zevitz, 2006). The antiplatelet drugs which may be used are aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, or dipyridamole. Of these, aspirin is most effective in reducing risk for MI. These drugs act by decreasing platelet aggregation and inhibiting thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. The goal of pharmacotherapy in CCF is to achieve a PCWP of 15-18 mm Hg and a cardiac index >2.2 L/min/m2, while maintaining adequate blood pressure and perfusion to

Durkheims relationship between law, social solidarity and morality Essay

Durkheims relationship between law, social solidarity and morality - Essay Example As Lukes pointed out about Durkheim's approach, "Durkheim's criticisms of charity as the basis of social solidarity are explored. His Jewish background is related to his emphasis on justice as well as his scorn for charity as the basis for social solidarity. Implications for social theory are discussed briefly. "(Lukes 1989) Durkheim' s conception of justice has been neglected relative to other aspects of his thought, as is true for Durkheim' s political thought in general ( Lukes 1989). To be sure, Durkheim's concern with justice has been addressed, but usually in a narrow context. For example, Sirianni (1984) addresses it only within the confines of Durkheim's The Division of Labor in Society ([1893] 1933). Similarly, Lacroix (1981) concludes that there exists a hiatus between Durkheim's political sociology and sociology of religion. A similar hiatus seems to exist regarding the sociologists who have pursued Durkheim's political thought and those who have addressed Durkheim's personal as well as professional interest in religion, such as Bellah (1973), Filloux (1977), and Pickering (1984). In particular, Durkheim's conception of justice has not been analyzed in the context of his Judaic heritage." (Cotterrell 1997) the objective of this paper is to examine Durkheim's accounts of the above discussed issues and to examine his perspectives As well the importance of his accounts and tenets will be examined during the discussion. Durkheim's sociology will be presented and reviewed. Durkheim was especially concerned with establishing a "science of moral facts" (see also Hall, 1987). "This was a concern shared by many of his contemporaries, but what set Durkheim apart was that he rejected the possibility of establishing morality upon charity, even Christian charity, and opted instead for justice." (Lukes 1989) Durkheim also held a concept about his definition of justice and its close connection to the idea of contract. It is important to keep in mind that eventually, he apprehended the contract as being binding upon the individual and society after taking his account of justice and law into consideration it can be seen that Durkheim and the concept he accounts for is remarkably similar to Jewish conceptions of covenant and justice" as (Hunt 1978) pointed out. The correlation between Durkheim's view of justice and the la may be due to his personal accounts as a Jew. when considering the accounts and concepts of Durkheim it Is important to keep in mind that he "represents a break from the earlier generation of nineteenth-century social evolutionary thinkers." (Roach 2003) Although Durkheim was never officially trained in sociology, he has many accounts that are relevant to the study and tenets too the discipline. Durkheim said "social life comes from a double source, the likeness of consciences and the division of social labor." (Durkheim, 1933, p.226) Social cohesion based upon the likeness and similarities among individuals in a society, and largely dependent on common rituals and routines. Common among prehistoric and pre-agricultural societies, and lessens in predominance as modernity increases. (Durkheim p 76) He also said that "Social cohesion based upon the dependence individuals in more advanced society have on each other. Common among industrial societies as the division of labor increases. Though individuals perform different tasks and often have different values